Th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Catalonia tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha Ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Catalonia t\u1ed1i 27\/10 c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed khi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng “quy tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp hi\u1ebfn” v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\nTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi\u1ec7n T\u00e2y Ban Nha ng\u00e0y 27\/10 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n Madrid tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Catalonia, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i di\u1ec5n ra ngay sau khi ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Catalonia th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n
Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Catalonia ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c d\u1ea5y l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y, li\u1ec7u x\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e0u nh\u1ea5t T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia hay ch\u01b0a, khi n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a Catalonia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn?<\/p>\n
S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong>
\n“S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp” (UDI) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1965 khi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 da tr\u1eafng c\u1ee7a Rhodesia \u0111\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Anh.<\/p>\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb qu\u1ed1c gia m\u1eb9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia hay nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00e1ch ra.<\/p>\n
\nNgh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n Catalonia ng\u00e0y 27\/10 b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1ecfi T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. \u1ea2nh: Getty.<\/em><\/p>\nCatalonia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong>
\nJean-Claude Piris, c\u1ef1u C\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd c\u1ea5p cao cho EU, cho hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. “Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n”.<\/p>\n“Ngo\u00e0i ra y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf”, AFP d\u1eabn nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Piris. “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf”.<\/p>\n
\nCatalonia (v\u00f9ng m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf) l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. \u0110\u1ed3 h\u1ecda: BBC.<\/em><\/p>\nPiris n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 r\u1ea5t \u00edt qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn Catalonia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 “\u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng trong EU s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd”.<\/p>\n
Theo Independent, V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Anh \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc Catalonia m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi phong tr\u00e0o ly khai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n Catalonia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7 k\u00e9o theo s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng ly khai t\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Cyprus n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00e1c n\u00eau r\u00f5 s\u1ebd \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha. M\u1ef9 c\u0169ng ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n
“B\u1edfi v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb: Catalonia s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb g\u00ec \u1edf EU, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p l\u00fd h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha”, chuy\u00ean gia Piris cho bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n
Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Catalonia c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p?<\/strong>
\nC\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p l\u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n n\u0103m 2010 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, t\u00f2a \u00e1n c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Kosovo \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Serbia. Th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1998 c\u1ee7a T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Canada.<\/p>\nKhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, T\u00f2a \u00e1n C\u00f4ng l\u00fd Qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (ICJ) \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Kosovo “kh\u00f4ng vi ph\u1ea1m lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf” hay c\u00e1c ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng B\u1ea3o an.<\/p>\n
Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n \u00fd ki\u1ebfn g\u1eedi l\u00ean ICJ, T\u00e2y Ban Nha \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Kosovo “kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf” v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 vi ph\u1ea1m “quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Serbia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5”.<\/p>\n
\nH\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Catalonia \u0103n m\u1eebng khi ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n khu v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng qua ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 Catalonia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. \u1ea2nh: AFP.<\/em><\/p>\nC\u00f2n v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Quebec, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao Canada n\u0103m 1998 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ly khai khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n
“\u00dd ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn”, Piris n\u00f3i. “Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Catalonia, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7”.<\/p>\n
\u00d4ng Piris l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Catalonia \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 hi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n
Nguy c\u01a1 n\u1ed5 ra b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c<\/strong>
\n“B\u00e2y gi\u1edd quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra tr\u00ean to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc (T\u00e2y Ban Nha) v\u00e0 \u1edf Catalonia. Li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 T\u00e2y Ban Nha t\u01b0\u1edbc quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Catalonia hay b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra?”, \u00f4ng Piris \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\nT\u00e2y Ban Nha “\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c n\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u, ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc Chi\u1ebfn tranh Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 hai”.<\/p>\n
Ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0ng c\u1ea7u d\u00e2n \u00fd v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Catalonia h\u00f4m 1\/10 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00f4 x\u00e1t gi\u1eefa c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t . \u1ea2nh: AP<\/em><\/p>\nN\u1ebfu Catalonia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng”, Narin Idriz, chuy\u00ean gia t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n Asser c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 s\u1edf \u1edf Hague n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n
“T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean EU \u0111\u1ec1u coi tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 n\u00e0o (t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y)”, b\u00e0 Idriz n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n