{"id":7144,"date":"2016-04-22T05:10:26","date_gmt":"2016-04-22T05:10:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baovietduc.de\/?p=7144"},"modified":"2016-04-22T05:12:02","modified_gmt":"2016-04-22T05:12:02","slug":"7144","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/2016\/04\/7144\/","title":{"rendered":"Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"
Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u01a1n xa h\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa.<\/div>\n
\n

T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa <\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, khai th\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Minh M\u1ea1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn; c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ec3 s\u1ee3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y xa x\u00f4i c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn xin th\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu. V\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 uy th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u01a1n xa h\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i V\u1ea1n l\u00fd Ho\u00e0ng Sa (t\u00ean g\u1ecdi chung v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 2 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y).<\/p>\n

Minh M\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t tri\u1ec1u Nguy\u1ec5n, cu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, ti\u1ebfp thu ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gia t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u00e0 vua c\u00f2n cho t\u0103ng ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, theo s\u00e1ch Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7, n\u0103m M\u1eadu T\u00fd (1828) vua \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng thuy\u1ec1n (\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng) \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

Tinh th\u1ea7n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed s\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cu\u1ed1n Qu\u1ed1c s\u1eed di bi\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m Canh D\u1ea7n (1830) \u201cvua nghe n\u00f3i ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 xe h\u1ecfa, t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt l\u1ea1, sai l\u0169 (\u0110\u1eb7ng) Kh\u1ea3i \u0111i L\u00e3 T\u1ed1ng, T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua\u201d.<\/p>\n

Quy ch\u1ebf th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng cho t\u1eebng h\u1ea1ng thuy\u1ec1n, th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng thuy\u1ec1n theo c\u00e1c quy th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng cho chu\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 cho \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng theo m\u1eabu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0o n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Ng\u1ecd (1822), vua cho mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ec1 Hu\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110i\u1ec7n D\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00f3ng theo m\u1eabu thuy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y. S\u00e1ch Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c cho bi\u1ebft th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m \u1ea5y, vua \u201csai Th\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf th\u1ee7y s\u01b0 Phan V\u0103n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng coi \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7u theo ki\u1ec3u T\u00e2y d\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d. Chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Th\u1ee5y Long; sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ho\u1ea1t thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng th\u00eam ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 thuy\u1ec1n d\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1c chuy\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng c\u00e1n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7 cho bi\u1ebft thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 4 h\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, h\u1ea1ng l\u1edbn, h\u1ea1ng v\u1eeba, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ecf. Ngo\u00e0i thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed3ng, n\u0103m M\u1eadu Tu\u1ea5t (1838) Minh M\u1ea1ng cho mua m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u0111em v\u1ec1 th\u00e1o ra nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y m\u1eabu \u0111\u00f3ng th\u1eed, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m sau chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00f3ng xong v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y th\u1eed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e1ng 10 c\u00f9ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc t\u00e0u m\u00e1y h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 2 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vua x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng quy th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng t\u00e0u m\u00e1y h\u01a1i v\u00e0o n\u0103m Canh T\u00fd (1840) v\u1edbi \u201cth\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng 7 th\u01b0\u1edbc 5 t\u1ea5c, d\u00e0i tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u, kho\u1ea3ng 1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng di chuy\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng\u201d (Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7).<\/p>\n

\"Vua<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng (1820 – 1841).<\/p>\n

S\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Minh M\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1eb1m x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n h\u00f9ng h\u1eadu, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00e0o n\u0103m K\u1ef7 H\u1ee3i (1839) \u00f4ng c\u00f2n ra l\u1ec7nh tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1y th\u1ee7y chi\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7y chi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3 cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh theo di\u1ec5n, luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp; c\u00f2n vua truy\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi Binh b\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u0103ng Qu\u1ebf r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u1eabm mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u00f9 t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch th\u1ee7y chi\u1ebfn, giao cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c\u201d, vua c\u00f2n c\u0103n d\u1eb7n: \u201cB\u1edd c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i theo ven bi\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1i qu\u00e2n \u0111i tu\u1ea7n b\u1ec3, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e1ch, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf thuy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i d\u1eddi dinh m\u00e0 v\u00e2y d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u1eddi b\u1ed9 binh c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ee7y binh c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh tr\u00ean b\u1ed9, c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5 c\u00e1c vi\u00ean Th\u1ed1ng qu\u1ea3n \u1edf kinh s\u1ee9c cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp sao cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u tinh, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n m\u1ea1nh\u201d (Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu).<\/p>\n

N\u0103m Canh T\u00fd (1840) cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp tr\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, theo s\u1eed s\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n ghi l\u1ea1i, vua \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e9p thao di\u1ec5n th\u1ee7y s\u01b0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c t\u1eadp b\u1eafn tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n v\u1edbi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cM\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e8 n\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m h\u00ecnh thuy\u1ec1n, d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9 3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ngang h\u01a1n 1 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1ef1ng ph\u00ean n\u1ee9a l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 l\u00e1 bu\u1ed3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean. \u0110\u1eb7t b\u00e8 \u1edf bi\u1ec3n hoi xa b\u1edd, xung quanh th\u1ea3 neo \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i. Nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ec1n tham gia di\u1ec5n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eadu c\u00e1ch b\u00e8 ch\u1eebng 50 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee3i l\u1ec7nh. Khi th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea5n H\u1ea3i treo c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecf th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c thao di\u1ec5n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf neo k\u00e9o thuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00e8. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00e3ng gi\u1eefa th\u00ec thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd mang s\u00fang h\u1ed3ng y l\u00ean ng\u1eafm v\u00e0o b\u00e8 n\u1ed5i, b\u1eafn li\u1ec1n 3 ph\u00e1t r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e8 ngo\u00e0i 500 tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1i quay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i ti\u1ebfp sau c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 thanh thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n b\u00e8 n\u1ed5i \u1edf trung gian l\u1ea1i b\u1eafn s\u00fang nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u00e8o thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 b\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u. L\u1ea1i thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4m ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean b\u1eafn s\u00fang nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1eafn xong 3 \u0111\u1ee3t th\u00ec c\u1edd tr\u00ean th\u00e0nh Tr\u1ea5n H\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng, truy\u1ec1n l\u1ec7nh thu qu\u00e2n, c\u00e1c thuy\u1ec1n cu\u1ed1n bu\u1ed3m v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 neo\u201d.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Ng\u1ecd (1834) vua \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u00e1o \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00f2ng th\u1ee7 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ec7nh cho quan ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o, b\u00e3i ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng ti\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u00f3ng thuy\u1ec1n do h\u1ecd \u0111i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 g\u01b0\u01a1m gi\u00e1o, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c bi\u1ec3n. Hai n\u0103m sau, v\u00e0o n\u0103m n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n (1836) Minh M\u1ea1ng ban quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 l\u1ec7 tu\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u01b0\u1edbp bi\u1ec3n, thuy\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o thu\u1ed9c B\u00e3i C\u00e1t V\u00e0ng (Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa<\/em>), theo s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean, n\u0103m Gi\u00e1p Ng\u1ecd (1834) vua Minh M\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 sai \u0110\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9i Ho\u00e0ng Sa l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00fac S\u0129 d\u1eabn 20 th\u1ee7y th\u1ee7 \u0111i \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111o \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4ng s\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ecba th\u1ebf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 vua \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1m th\u00e0nh Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Vi\u1ebft So\u00e1i, n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n (1836) khi v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh b\u1ecb x\u1eed \u201ctr\u1ea3m giam h\u1eadu\u201d (ch\u00e9m nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1m giam tr\u01b0\u1edbc)\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c khai th\u00e1c, tu\u1ea7n ph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n cho ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 (ch\u00f9a, mi\u1ebfu), tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9t, bia ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m Qu\u00fd T\u1ecb (1833), \u1ea4t M\u00f9i (1835), B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n (1836)\u2026 Nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n (1836) c\u00e1c quan \u1edf b\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng s\u1edb t\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

\u201cC\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edbi m\u1eb7t bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3 x\u1ee9 Ho\u00e0ng Sa <\/ins>r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1i v\u1ebd b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00f3 xa r\u1ed9ng, m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 n\u01a1i, c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m, n\u00ean ph\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i d\u00f2 x\u00e9t cho kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Xin t\u1eeb n\u0103m nay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1i bi\u1ec1n binh th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u1ec7 Gi\u00e1m th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n \u00f4, nh\u1eb1m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng hai th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u 2 t\u1ec9nh Qu\u1ea3ng Ng\u00e3i, B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh thu\u00ea 4 chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ra \u0111\u00fang x\u1ee9 Ho\u00e0ng Sa. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0o, h\u00f2n n\u00e0o, b\u00e3i c\u00e1t n\u00e0o, khi thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng x\u00e9t xem x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i, chi\u1ec1u ngang, chi\u1ec1u cao, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng, chu vi v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ed1n b\u00ean xung quanh n\u00f4ng hay s\u00e2u, c\u00f3 b\u00e3i ng\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00e1 ng\u1ea7m hay kh\u00f4ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m tr\u1edf, b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea5t \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3. L\u1ea1i, x\u00e9t ng\u00e0y kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb c\u1eeda bi\u1ec3n n\u00e0o ra kh\u01a1i, nh\u1eb1m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i, t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau d\u1eb7m. L\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y tr\u00f4ng v\u00e0o b\u1edd b\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00eanh ch\u1ebfch l\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o, c\u00e1ch b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ch\u1eebng bao nhi\u00eau d\u1eb7m. Nh\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i r\u00f5, \u0111em v\u1ec1, d\u00e2ng tr\u00ecnh\u201d (\u0110\u1ea1i Nam th\u1ef1c l\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh bi\u00ean).<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi t\u00e2u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Minh M\u1ea1ng ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn ngay, vua c\u00f2n c\u0103n d\u1eb7n r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i \u201cghi n\u00f3i minh b\u1ea1ch trong h\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean. L\u1ea1i t\u1eeb n\u0103m nay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau, m\u1ed7i khi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n th\u00e1ng gi\u00eang, chi\u1ebfu theo l\u1ec7 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 l\u00e0m\u201d (Kh\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1i Nam h\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 l\u1ec7). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i tu\u1ea7n ti\u1ec5u, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i V\u1ea1n l\u00fd Ho\u00e0ng Sa theo l\u1ec7 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. Theo c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong v\u00f2ng 6 th\u00e1ng, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m do m\u01b0a gi\u00f3, b\u00e3o l\u1edbn n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c cho qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3n tr\u00fa, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thu thu\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Gutzlaff trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean t\u1eadp san \u201c\u00c1 Ch\u00e2u h\u1ed9i\u201d xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf Lu\u00e2n \u0110\u00f4n (London) n\u0103m 1849 cho bi\u1ebft: \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u1ebfu ngh\u1ec1 c\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00f9 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi nguy nan cho k\u1ebb phi\u00eau l\u01b0u\u2026Tuy r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u00f9 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i m\u00f3n l\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t to. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 An Nam th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u1ea1ch thu\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra, b\u00e8n l\u1eadp ra nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0ng thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 thu thu\u1ebf m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e1 b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean bi\u1ec3n, vua Minh M\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ec7nh cho th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p n\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. Nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m B\u00ednh Th\u00e2n (1836) \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ec1n bu\u00f4n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh g\u1eb7p b\u00e3o t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng Sa, c\u1ee9u tho\u00e1t h\u01a1n 90 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n B\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ea5p l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c men cho h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i cho v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y vua Minh M\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7m cao m\u1edbi, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa n\u00f3i ri\u00eang. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 thi\u00eang li\u00eang tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00eca.<\/p>\n

L\u00ea Th\u00e1i D\u0169ng \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0Thu H\u01b0\u01a1ng ( theo Bao M\u1edbi )<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vua Minh M\u1ea1ng t\u1eebng cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u01a1n xa h\u01a1n ra ngo\u00e0i bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa. T\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a, hai qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd, khai th\u00e1c. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7145,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118,115,111,135],"tags":[295],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7144"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7144"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7144\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7145"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7144"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7144"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7144"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}