{"id":72047,"date":"2020-09-11T12:31:07","date_gmt":"2020-09-11T05:31:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baovietduc.de\/?p=72047"},"modified":"2020-09-11T12:31:09","modified_gmt":"2020-09-11T05:31:09","slug":"nguoi-viet-nam-xua-qua-ong-kinh-nhiep-anh-gia-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/2020\/09\/nguoi-viet-nam-xua-qua-ong-kinh-nhiep-anh-gia-phap\/","title":{"rendered":"NG\u01af\u1edcI VI\u1ec6T NAM X\u01afA QUA \u1ed0NG K\u00cdNH NHI\u1ebeP \u1ea2NH GIA PH\u00c1P"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u Vi\u1ec7t m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i ng\u0169 th\u00e2n, quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3ng tay d\u00e0i… qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh gia Ph\u00e1p Pierre Dieulefils, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19.<\/p>\n

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\"Ph\u1ee5<\/div>
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Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mi\u1ec1n Nam v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19 chu\u1ed9ng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i ng\u0169 th\u00e2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111eo trang s\u1ee9c chu\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t. Nh\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf S\u0129 Ho\u00e0ng – ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng \u00c1o d\u00e0i – t\u1eebng cho bi\u1ebft th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u00e2n<\/a>. Trang ph\u1ee5c g\u1ed3m hai kh\u1ed5 v\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may n\u1ed1i nhau th\u00e0nh th\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo phong c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. B\u1ed1n th\u00e2n \u00e1o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho t\u1ee9 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu: cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e2n \u00e1o th\u1ee9 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb7c. \u00c1o lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u00fac, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi: nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, tr\u00ed, t\u00edn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Pierre \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee5p t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1885, ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u qu\u00fd gi\u00e1. \u1ea2nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in trong cu\u1ed1n “\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u0129<\/a>“, do \u0110\u00f4ng A Books ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh h\u1ed3i th\u00e1ng 8, L\u01b0u \u0110\u00ecnh Tu\u00e2n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"M\u1ed9t<\/div>
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M\u1ed9t b\u1eefa c\u01a1m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mi\u1ec1n Nam. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u00edt ph\u1ea3i lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7c \u00e1o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ngh\u00e8o. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng \u00e1o n\u0103m th\u00e2n c\u00f2n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi \u00e1o d\u00e0i Le Mur<\/a> v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft \u00c2u h\u00f3a, do h\u1ecda s\u0129 C\u00e1t T\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"M\u1ed9t<\/div>
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M\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc \u1edf S\u00e0i G\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3ng tay d\u00e0i. T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3ng tay d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9n tr\u00f2n l\u1ea1i – c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00f3ng tay l\u00e1 lan – xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, cao sang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed9ng tay, lao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nho s\u0129 c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh do t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ban cho, ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Nh\u00f3m<\/div>
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Nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa l\u00e0m th\u1ecbt v\u1ecbt \u1edf Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption>

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\"Ch\u1ee3<\/div>
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Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn<\/a> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 17 \u0111\u1ebfn 19, khi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hoa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01b0, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb s\u1ea7m u\u1ea5t. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u00e1ch b\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi S\u00e0i G\u00f2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1956. Ng\u00e0y nay, khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ee3 L\u1edbn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1eadn 5, 6 c\u1ee7a TP HCM.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"\u0110\u00e1m<\/div>
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\u0110\u00e1m tang nh\u00e0 gi\u00e0u \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Hai<\/div>
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Hai cha con t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1edf B\u1eafc b\u1ed9. Nam gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y chu\u1ed9ng \u00e1o d\u00e0i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp quan tr\u1ecdng: quan, h\u00f4n, tang, t\u1ebf. C\u1ed5 \u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9ng, t\u1ea1o khu\u00f4n tr\u00f2n theo c\u1ed5, n\u0103m khuy \u00e1o b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0, x\u01b0\u01a1ng (v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u00f9y gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e2u \u0111\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u1ed5 (m\u1ed9t khuy), v\u1eaft ch\u00e9o sang ph\u00eda x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f2n g\u00e1nh ph\u1ea3i (m\u1ed9t khuy), ba khuy c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u nhau d\u1ecdc theo l\u01b0\u1eddn ph\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"M\u1ed9t<\/div>
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M\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh quan l\u1ea1i \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Quan<\/div>
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Quan ch\u1ee9c th\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng di chuy\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ef1a, c\u00f3 l\u1ecdng che hai b\u00ean, \u0111i c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Vuy<\/div>
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Vua Duy T\u00e2n<\/a> ng\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ecb v\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh \u1edf Hu\u1ebf. \u00d4ng t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac V\u0129nh San, l\u00ean ng\u00f4i khi m\u1edbi b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i. Theo s\u00e1ch “Vua Duy T\u00e2n” c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng Hi\u1ec3n – xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1995, d\u00f9 c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ecf ra s\u1ee3 T\u00e2y, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang kh\u1ea9u kh\u00ed v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n. Ti\u1ebfp To\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Kh\u00e2m s\u1ee9 Trung K\u1ef3, \u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u1eb3ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u00e1p. Khi ch\u1ecdn ni\u00ean hi\u1ec7u, V\u0129nh San l\u1ea5y ch\u1eef “Duy T\u00e2n”, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c nh\u00e0 vua canh t\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi).<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"Thi\u1ebfu<\/div>
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Thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef (ph\u1ea3i) v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1 L\u00f4 L\u00f4 \u1edf v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, gi\u00e1p t\u1ec9nh V\u00e2n Nam (Trung Qu\u1ed1c). Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef L\u00f4 L\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng kh\u0103n qu\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9i. Kh\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u00f4 t\u00edp hoa v\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tua v\u1ea3i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. Trang ph\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1o d\u00e0i c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng, tay d\u00e0i, chui \u0111\u1ea7u, ho\u1eb7c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1o ng\u1eafn th\u00e2n c\u1ed5 vu\u00f4ng, \u1ed1ng tay \u00e1o n\u1ed1i v\u00e0o th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o ra, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u00e1o c\u00e1nh ng\u1eafn, x\u1ebb ng\u1ef1c, c\u1ed5 cao, tr\u00f2n c\u00e0i c\u00fac.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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\"M\u1ed9t<\/div>
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M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 \u1edf \u0110\u1ed3ng \u0110\u0103ng, L\u1ea1ng S\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Pierre Dieulefils (1862 – 1937) sinh t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p, sang \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 1885. Hai n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i ng\u0169 r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p. N\u0103m 1888, \u00f4ng quay l\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, r\u1ebd sang l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea3nh. N\u0103m 1909, \u00f4ng t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p b\u1ed9 \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch \u1ea3nh mang nhan \u0111\u1ec1 “Indo-chine Pittoresque & Monumentale: Annam – Tonkin” (\u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 v\u0129: Trung K\u1ef3 – B\u1eafc K\u1ef3). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng huy ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea5u x\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf Bruxelles n\u0103m 1910. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ra m\u1eaft cu\u1ed1n “Nam K\u1ef3 – S\u00e0i G\u00f2n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn” (Cochinchine – Sa\u00efgon et ses environs).<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n