{"id":72293,"date":"2020-09-28T02:44:33","date_gmt":"2020-09-27T19:44:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baovietduc.de\/?p=72293"},"modified":"2020-09-28T02:44:36","modified_gmt":"2020-09-27T19:44:36","slug":"bau-cu-my-ngay-29-09-hai-ung-cu-vien-tranh-luan-phien-dau-tien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/2020\/09\/bau-cu-my-ngay-29-09-hai-ung-cu-vien-tranh-luan-phien-dau-tien\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ea6U C\u1eec M\u1ef8: NG\u00c0Y 29.09 HAI \u1ee8NG C\u1eec VI\u00caN TRANH LU\u1eacN PHI\u00caN \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h1>\n

Tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eed tri hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, c\u00e1ch l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t th\u1eafng thua trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c b\u1ea7u c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

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Tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb 7 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa Abraham Lincoln v\u00e0 Stephen Douglas khi tranh c\u1eed gh\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 Illinois n\u0103m 1858. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Lincoln \u0111\u00e3 “theo ch\u00e2n” Douglas tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng quanh bang. C\u1ee9 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau khi Douglas c\u00f3 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, Lincoln c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m v\u1eady. Douglas cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u1ee9ng chung s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u v\u1edbi Lincoln \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn 7 l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n trong ba gi\u1edd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf xoay quanh ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Lincoln kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tranh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p \u0111\u01b0a Lincoln v\u00e0o Nh\u00e0 Tr\u1eafng hai n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

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T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 Trump (ph\u1ea3i) v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 Joe Biden. \u1ea2nh: AP<\/em>.<\/p>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u0103m 1960, M\u1ef9 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1976, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i m\u00f9a b\u1ea7u c\u1eed. N\u0103m nay M\u1ef9 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ba cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o 29\/9, 15\/10 v\u00e0 20\/10. 6 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 trong cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Donald Trump v\u00e0 Joe Biden, T\u00f2a \u00e1n T\u1ed1i cao, kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch Covid-19, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o l\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m hai \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu. V\u00ec Covid-19, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u0103m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00edt c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tham gia c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00f4i khi tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea7u c\u1eed.<\/strong>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m n\u00ean chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng cho John F. Kennedy. Kennedy \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m t\u1eeb kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3n trai v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t, r\u00e0nh r\u1ecdt trong khi Richard M. Nixon to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i v\u00e0 tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Sau cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn, kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n h\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 Kennedy trong khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tranh lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i ph\u00e1t thanh, t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 nghe ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng xem h\u00ecnh, nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 Nixon. Kennedy l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0o m\u00f9a b\u1ea7u c\u1eed n\u0103m 2004, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ecb s\u0129 John Kerry \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n trong tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u0103m d\u00f2 c\u0169ng cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1eebng y\u1ebfu th\u1ebf h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, George W. Bush t\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed nhi\u1ec7m k\u1ef3 hai.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1eed tri l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng “ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng”<\/strong>, Kathleen Hall Jamieson, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch C\u00f4ng Annenberg t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pennsylvania, n\u00f3i. “\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i duy nh\u1ea5t trong m\u00f9a b\u1ea7u c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh hai \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean khi h\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh kh\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1ee9ng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd”.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c cho c\u1eed tri th\u1ea5y t\u00edch c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn c\u0169nggi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u1eed tri M\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ed5i c\u1ed9m<\/strong> v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean, Bill Benoit, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Alabama \u1edf Birmingham, cho bi\u1ebft. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem tranh lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng xem.<\/p>\n

“C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1eed tri, nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang khi\u1ebfn c\u1eed tri c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m<\/strong> v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n”, Benoit n\u00f3i. “Tranh lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111o\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch s\u1ebd thua hay th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch”.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c xa so v\u1edbi th\u1eddi Lincoln l\u00e0 kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i khi xem tranh lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n, Benoit n\u00f3i th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

Sau m\u1ed7i phi\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u00f4ng k\u00edch gay g\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd. Khi tranh lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 2016, Trump li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00f3i kh\u00e1y, \u0111\u00e0o b\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi t\u01b0 v\u00e0 d\u1ecda b\u1ecf t\u00f9 Clinton v\u00ec b\u00ea b\u1ed1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng email ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00f4ng v\u1ee5. Trump c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa” v\u00e0 “con r\u1ed1i”, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u00e1n sau phi\u00ean tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Clinton nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0y d\u1eb7n kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb trong khi Trump l\u00e0 “k\u1ebb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o” thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft. B\u00e0 c\u0169ng xo\u00e1y s\u00e2u v\u00e0o b\u00ea b\u1ed1i mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u0103m d\u00f2 sau tranh lu\u1eadn cho th\u1ea5y Clinton \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Trump. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Trump l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Richard Vatz, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Towson, cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2016, s\u1ef1 y\u00eau hay gh\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u1eed tri v\u1edbi Trump v\u00e0 Clinton \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u00ean c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn \u00edt c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e1 phi\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

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Tranh lu\u1eadn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng gi\u00fap c\u1eed tri “xem tr\u01b0\u1edbc” c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/strong> M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n c\u00e1c ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tranh c\u1eed, Jamieson n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Trung b\u00ecnh c\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n 60% l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a tranh c\u1eed.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn n\u0103m 1980 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng kim t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng khi \u0111\u00f3, Jimmy Carter \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1n gi\u1ea3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, Ronald Reagan, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n vi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng gi\u1ecfi k\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh trong c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, Jamieson n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Reagan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc c\u1eed sau khi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: “C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ea3 h\u01a1n 4 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng?”.<\/p>\n