{"id":7804,"date":"2016-05-05T04:34:36","date_gmt":"2016-05-05T04:34:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/baovietduc.de\/?p=7804"},"modified":"2016-05-05T04:34:36","modified_gmt":"2016-05-05T04:34:36","slug":"o-nhiem-thuy-ngan-va-nhung-su-that-dau-don","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/2016\/05\/o-nhiem-thuy-ngan-va-nhung-su-that-dau-don\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn"},"content":{"rendered":"
\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111e d\u1ecda cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1.<\/strong><\/div>\n
\"O<\/div>\n
\n

Th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n<\/strong> trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra t\u1eeb ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1t than \u0111\u00e1, l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ed1t r\u00e1c th\u1ea3i y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n<\/em> c\u00f3 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng may kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y bay ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, x\u1eed l\u00fd t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, khi th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu gom, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p kim lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf 4 d\u1ea1ng: kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n, Methyl th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n (MeHg), h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n phenyl (phenylmercury). Trong \u0111\u00f3, kim lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng m\u00e0u x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00edt v\u00e0o ph\u1ed5i. Methyl th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n (MeHg) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0103n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh chu\u1ed7i th\u1ee9c \u0103n, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 m\u1eadp, c\u00e1 ki\u1ebfm, c\u00e1 v\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1 ch\u00f3. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e3o b\u1ed9. Ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c Methyl th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn thai nhi. Khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00f4 c\u01a1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong pin, thu\u1ed1c u\u1ed1ng, thu\u1ed1c m\u1ee1, thu\u1ed1c x\u1ecbt mu\u1ed7i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c. H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00edt ho\u1eb7c nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n phenyl (phenylmercury) th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u01a1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1ef1a m\u1ee7, s\u01a1n ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3 ch\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5m, m\u1ef9 ph\u1ea9m d\u00e0nh cho m\u1eaft v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Phenylmercury x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 khi h\u00edt v\u00e0o \u1edf d\u1ea1ng h\u01a1i, ng\u1ea5m qua da ho\u1eb7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u1edbi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf m\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 50 microgram\/m3 (m\u1ed9t microgram b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u gram) s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng: run r\u1ea9y, m\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch, m\u1ea5t tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, m\u1ea5t ng\u1ee7, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u, gi\u1ea3m c\u00e2n, c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 vi\u00eam l\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

\"O<\/a><\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh Minamata \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n<\/ins>nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1956, th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ty Chisso l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00e1 v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ec7nh l\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh Minamata g\u00e2y r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn. B\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Minamata, t\u1ec9nh Kumamoto m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng run kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, t\u00ea ch\u00e2n tay, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn, co gi\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1968, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (methyl mercury) trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Chisso ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh Minamata qu\u00e1i \u00e1c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf Minamata \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh sau khi \u0103n c\u00e1 v\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb v\u1ecbnh Minamata.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00e2y r\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 C\u00f4ng ty h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t C\u00e1t L\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i 113,2 t\u1ea5n th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n v\u00e0 5,4 t\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5t methyl mercury v\u00e0o s\u00f4ng T\u00f9ng Hoa trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1958 – 1982. C\u01a1 quan ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y C\u00e1t L\u00e2m x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n ra s\u00f4ng T\u00f9ng Hoa m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u00e0y ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. S\u00f4ng T\u00f9ng Hoa nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y Chisso x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n h\u1eefu c\u01a1 (methyl mercury) c\u00f3 trong ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ed1ng b\u1ec7nh Minamata nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea3m th\u1ecb gi\u00e1c, m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edf b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, khi\u1ebfm th\u00ednh, tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n kinh.<\/p>\n

Theo Bao M\u1edbi\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00d4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111e d\u1ecda cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kim lo\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ee7y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":7805,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[133],"tags":[354],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7804"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7804"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7804\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7805"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/baovietduc.de\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}